R401      *BUMPERS all around. ROBOTS are required to use BUMPERS to protect the entire FRAME PERIMETER. Gaps of less than ½ in. between adjacent segments are permitted as long as all corners are filled per R409.

R410      *BUMPERS must be supported. BUMPERS must be supported by the structure/frame of the ROBOT (see Figure 8‑8). To be considered supported, a minimum of ½ in. (~13 mm) at each end of each BUMPER wood segment must be backed by the FRAME PERIMETER (≤¼ in. gap, ~6mm). “Ends” exclude hard BUMPER parts which extend past the FRAME PERIMETER permitted by R408-B. Additionally, any gap between the backing material and the frame:

R408      *BUMPER construction. BUMPERS must be constructed as follows, such that the cross section resembles Figure 8‑6:

R101      *FRAME PERIMETER must be fixed. The ROBOT (excluding BUMPERS) must have a FRAME PERIMETER, contained within the BUMPER ZONE and established while in the ROBOT’S STARTING CONFIGURATION, that is comprised of fixed, non-articulated structural elements of the ROBOT. Minor protrusions no greater than ¼ in. (~6 mm) such as bolt heads, fastener ends, weld beads, and rivets are not considered part of the FRAME PERIMETER.