R402      *BUMPERS must stay low. BUMPERS must be located entirely within the BUMPER ZONE, which is the volume contained between the floor and a virtual horizontal plane 7½ in. (~19 cm) above the floor in reference to the ROBOT standing normally on a flat floor. BUMPERS do not have to be parallel to the floor.

G411      *ROBOTS must be safe. A ROBOT may not pose an undue hazard to a human, an ARENA element, or another ROBOT in the following ways:

R401      *BUMPERS all around. ROBOTS are required to use BUMPERS to protect the entire FRAME PERIMETER. Gaps of less than ½ in. between adjacent segments are permitted as long as all corners are filled per R409.

R410      *BUMPERS must be supported. BUMPERS must be supported by the structure/frame of the ROBOT (see Figure 8‑8). To be considered supported, a minimum of ½ in. (~13 mm) at each end of each BUMPER wood segment must be backed by the FRAME PERIMETER (≤¼ in. gap, ~6mm). “Ends” exclude hard BUMPER parts which extend past the FRAME PERIMETER permitted by R408-B. Additionally, any gap between the backing material and the frame: