R102       *STARTING CONFIGURATION – no overhang. In the STARTING CONFIGURATION (the physical configuration in which a ROBOT starts a MATCH), no part of the ROBOT shall extend outside the vertical projection of the ROBOT PERIMETER, with the exception of its BUMPERS and minor protrusions such as bolt heads, fastener ends, rivets, cable ties, etc.

R106       Horizontal extension – one direction at a time. ROBOTS may not extend beyond their ROBOT PERIMETER in more than one direction (i.e. over more than 1 side of the ROBOT) at a time. The extension may not reach outside the projection of that side of the ROBOT PERIMETER. For the purposes of this rule, a round or circular section of ROBOT PERIMETER is considered to have an infinite number of sides. Exceptions include:

R401       *BUMPERS almost all around. ROBOTS are required to use BUMPERS to protect the entire ROBOT PERIMETER. Gaps of less than 1.25in (3.17cm) between adjacent segments are permitted as long as all corners are filled per R406. A single gap larger than 1.25in (3.17cm) is permitted, as long as at least 5.0in (12.7cm) of ROBOT PERIMETER on each side of each corner is protected by BUMPER.

R105       ROBOT horizontal extension limit. ROBOTS may not extend more than 12in (30.48cm) beyond the vertical projection of their ROBOT PERIMETER.