R401       *BUMPERS almost all around. ROBOTS are required to use BUMPERS to protect the entire ROBOT PERIMETER. Gaps of less than 1.25in (3.17cm) between adjacent segments are permitted as long as all corners are filled per R406. A single gap larger than 1.25in (3.17cm) is permitted, as long as at least 5.0in (12.7cm) of ROBOT PERIMETER on each side of each corner is protected by BUMPER.

R402       *BUMPER construction. BUMPERS must consist of the following elements. With the exception of padding and cover extending into corners and cover wrapping around the end of segments, any vertical cross section of the BUMPER must include parts A, B, and C:

R405       *BUMPERS interact with BUMPERS. While navigating the FIELD normally, all BUMPERS must have padding (per R402-A) supported by backing (per R402-B) entirely filling the BUMPER ZONE, a space between 2.5in (6.35cm) and 5.75in (14.61cm) from the floor.

R403       *BUMPER extension limit. BUMPERS must not extend more than 4.0in (10.16cm) from the ROBOT PERIMETER.